ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is a complex disorder in reproductive age women which consist of stromal and epithelial cells implantation outside the uterine cavity. Adiponectin is a member of cytokine family with various metabolic roles and proliferation inhibition of many cancer cells. The aim of the present research was to determine adiponectin effect on human endometriotic stromal cells [ESCs] proliferation and their expression of adiponectin receptors
Methods: In this experimental study, endometrial biopsies [n=7] were taken. ESCs isolation was done by enzymatic digestion and cell filtrations. ESCs of each biopsy were divided into four groups: 0 [control], 10, 100, and 200 ng/ml adiponectin concentrations in three different times [24, 48, or 72 h]. The effect of adiponectin on ESC viability and expression of mRNA Adipo receptorl [Rl] and Adipo receptor2 [R2] was determined by Trypan blue staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and unpaired student's t-test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Adiponectin inhibited human endometriotic stromal cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners significantly [P=0.001]. Expression of AdipoRl and AdipoR2 gene receptors was increased in human ESCs significantly [P<0.05]. Adiponectin can suppress endometriosis by inhibiting ESC proliferation and increased AdipoRl and AdipoR2 expression
ABSTRACT
Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic-guanosine monphosphat-specific phosphodiesterase type 5. It increases intracellular nitric oxide [NO] production in some cells. There are reports on its positive effect on uterine circulation, endometrial thickness, and infertility improvement. Endometrial epithelial cells [EEC] play an important role in embryo attachment and implantation. The present work investigates the effect of sildenafil on human EEC and their NO secretion in vitro. In this experimental in vitro study, endometrial biopsies [n=10] were washed in a phosphate buffered solution [PBS] and digested with collagenase I [2 mg/ml in DMEM/F12 medium] at 37°C for 90 minutes. Epithelial glands were collected by sequential filtration through nylon meshes [70 and 40 micro m pores], respectively. Epithelial glands were then treated with trypsin to obtain individual cells. The cells were counted and divided into four groups: control and 1, 10, and 20 micro M sildenafil concentrations. Cells were cultured for 15 days at 37°C and 5% CO[2]; the media were changed every 3 days, and their supernatants were collected for the NO assay. NO was measured by standard Greiss methods. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. There was no significant difference between groups in cell count and NO secretion, but the level of NO increased slightly in the experimental groups. The 10 micro M dose showed the highest cell count. EEC morphology changed into long spindle cells in the case groups. Sildenafil [1, 10, and 20 micro M] showed a mild proliferative effect on human EEC numbers, but no significant change was seen in NO production